What is a cellular Communication hotspot ?

 A hotspot can be considered as a specific location where a user can get connected to a Wi-Fi network. For example, a public hotspot provides the public with service access points (SAP) that connects the user to a public data network. In the traditional set up the wired broadband connection feeds data to a router that sends it out as a Wi-Fi signal to all the Wi-Fi devices in the range.

To use a cellular phone as a hotspot, the mobile phone treats its online connection to the cellular data network as a broadband source. The mobile phone then communicates locally like a Wi-Fi router using the 802.11ax protocol. Wi-Fi devices within the range can then communicate with the mobile phone, the way they would do with a wireless router.



The mobile device can therefore connect the other devices to the other core data network through the cellular data network. It is a blend of software, hardware and back-end network data services that work together to transform the mobile device into the equivalent of broadband modem and router.

Many cellular wireless network broadband modems/routers operate on this principle. With the advent of the software defined radio (SDR), the RF equipment, through either automatic or manual configuration, can transmit different frequencies and switch to different protocols, almost similar to the switch in frequencies and protocols described herein.







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The BTS is the interface between the mobile phone and the rest of the network. Are the transmissions from the BTS safer to human beings around it? The BTS transmits a constant power of about 50 Watts. The strength reduces rapidly as the distance from the BTS increases. For example, at a distance of 4 meters from the BTS, a power of 50 watts from the BTS shall have reduced to 3.125 watts (Inverse square law) This makes the power transmitted from the BTS to be very little, just a few meters away and hence  quite harmless. The mobile phone sensitivity ( the smallest signal strength that can be detected by a phone is very small, around -120dBm ( or 0.001nW) and therefore the mobile phones can still communicate at quite some distance from the BTS. Compare this with a power of around 0.003 watts transmitted by the mobile phone (which most of the times is very close to our body) . Or the wireless router transmitting a power of around 0.1 watts and usually placed indoors in the office or h...
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